Unit-I Irrigation

1.1 Irrigation: Necessity and importance, principal crops and crop seasons, types

1.2 Methods of application, soil-water-plant relationship, soil moisture constants

1.3 Consumptive use, estimation of consumptive use, crop water requirement

1.4 Duty and delta, factors affecting duty, depth and frequency of irrigation

1.5 Irrigation efficiencies, water logging and drainage, standards of quality for irrigation water, crop rotation

Unit-II Canals

2.1 Classification, design of non-erodible canals

2.2 Methods of economic section and maximum permissible velocity, economics of canal lining, design of erodible canals

2.3 Kennedy’s silt theory and Lacey’s regime theory, balancing depth of cutting

Unit-III Canal Structures

3.1 Falls: Types and location, design principles of Sarda type fall and straight glacis fall

3.2 Regulators: Head and cross regulators, design principles

3.3 Cross Drainage Works: Types, selection, design principles of aqueduct, siphon aqueduct and super passage

3.4 Outlets: types, proportionality, sensitivity and flexibility

3.5 River Training:Objectives and approaches.

Unit-IV Diversion Head Works

4.1 Types of diversion head works, weirs and barrages, layout of diversion head works, components

4.2 Causes and failures of weirs on permeable foundations

4.3 Bligh’s creep theory, Khosla’s theory, design of impervious floors for subsurface flow, exit gradient.

Unit-V Reservoir Planning and Dams

5.1 Reservoir Planning: Investigations, site selection, zones of storage, yield and storage capacity of reservoir, reservoir sedimentation

5.2 Dams: Types of dams, selection of type of dam, selection of site for a dam.

5.3 Gravity dams: Forces acting on a gravity dam, causes of failure of a gravity dam, elementary profile and practical profile of a gravity dam, limiting height of a dam, stability analysis, drainage galleries, grouting.

Unit-VI Earth Dams ans Spillways

6.1 Earth Dams: Types, causes of failure, criteria for safe design, seepage, measures for control of seepage-filters

6.2 Stability analysis-stability of downstream slope during steady seepage and upstream slope during sudden drawdown conditions.

6.3 Spillways: Types, design principles of Ogee spillways, types of spillways crest gates, Energy dissipation below spillways-stilling basin and its appurtenances