UNIT – 1 INTRODUCTION TO RAILWAYS

1.1 INTRODUCTION: Role of railways in transportation, Indian Railways, Selection of Routes, Permanent way and its requirements, Gauges and types.

1.2 Typical cross sections-single and double line B G track in cutting, embankment and electrified tracks, Coning of wheels and tilting of rails.

1.3 Rails-Functions-requirements—types and sections-length-defects-wear-creep-welding-joints, creep of rails.

UNIT – 2 SLEEPERS AND BALLAST

2.1 SLEEPERS AND BALLAST:Functions, requirements, Types, Track fitting and fasteners

2.2 Dog spike, screw spike and Pandrol clip,-Fish plates-bearing plates

2.3 Calculation of quantity of materials required for laying a track-Examples

2.4 Tractive resistances and hauling capacity with examples.

UNIT – 3 GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF RAILWAYS

3.1 GEOMETRIC DESIGN:Necessity, Safe speed on curves, Cant-cant deficiency-negative cant-safe speed based on various criteria,(both for normal and high speed tracks)

3.2 Transition curve, Gradient and types, grade compensation, Examples on above.

UNIT – 4 POINTS AND CROSSING

4.1 POINTS AND CROSSING: Components of a turnout, Details of Points and Crossing, Design of turnouts with examples (No derivations) types of switches, crossings

4.2 Track junctions Stations and Types, Types of yards, Signalling-Objects and types of signals, station and yard Equipment-Turn table, Fouling mark, buffer stop, level crossing, track defects and maintenance.

UNIT – 5 INTRODUCTION TO AIRPORTS

5.1 INTRODUCTION: Layout of an airport with component parts and functions, Site selection for airport

5.2 Aircraft characteristics affecting the design and planning of airport, Airport classification, Runway orientation using wind rose with examples

UNIT – 6 RUNWAY

6.1 RUNWAY-Basic runway length-Corrections and examples, Runway geometrics,

6.2 Taxiway-Factors affecting the layout - geometrics of taxiway-Design of exit taxiway with examples.

6.3 Visual aids-Airport marking – lighting-Instrumental Landing System.

UNIT – 7 TUNNELS

7.1 TUNNELS: Advantages and disadvantages, Size and shape of tunnels, Surveying-Transferring centre line and gradient from surface to inside the tunnel working face

7.2 Weisbach triangle-Examples, Tunnelling in rocks-methods, Tunnelling methods in soils-Needle beam, Liner plate

7.3 Tunnel lining, Tunnel ventilation, vertical shafts, Pilot tunneling, mucking and methods, drilling and drilling pattern.

UNIT – 8 HARBOURS

8.1 HARBOURS: Harbour classifications, Layout with components, Natural phenomenon affecting the design of harbours Wind, wave and tide, currents

8.2 Breakwater-Types Wharf and Quays, Jetties and Piers

8.3 Dry dock and wet docks, Slipways, Navigational aids, warehouse and transit-shed.