UNIT-I MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTATION AND ERROR

1.1 INTRODUCTION: Measurement and Error: Definition,Accuracy and Precision, Significant Figures,Types of Errors

1.2 Standards of Measurement: Classification of Standards,Electrical Standards,IEEE Standards

1.3 Types of measuring instrument: Ammeter and Voltmeter: Derivation for Deflecting Torque of; PMMC, MI (attraction and repulsion types),Digital voltmeters,Ammeters and multimeters,(PMMC) Permanent magnet moving coil

1.4 Electro Dynamometer and Induction type Ammeters and Voltmeters

1.5 Energy meters and wattmeter: Construction,Theory and Principle of operation of Electro-Dynamometer and Induction type wattmeter,Compensation of Error, Creep, Testing,Single phase induction type energy meter,Polyphase Induction type Watt-hour meters

1.6 Frequency Meters: Vibrating reed type, Electrical resonance type,Power Factor Meters

1.7 Measuring instruments: Absolute and secondary instrument, Indicating and recording instrument

UNIT-II MEASUREMENT OF RESISTANCE, INDUCTANCE AND CAPACITANCE

2.1 Resistance: Measurement of Low Resistance by Kelvin’s Double Bridge,Measurement of Medium Resistance,Measurement of High Resistance,Measurement of Resistance of Insulating Materials,Portable Resistance Testing set (Meg-ohmmeter) & Measurement of Insulation Resistance when Power is ON,Measurement of Resistance of Earth Connections

2.2 Inductance: Measurement of Self Inductance by Ammeter and Voltmeter, and AC Bridges (Maxwell’s, Hay’s, & Anderson Bridge),Maxwell’s bridge,Hay’s bridge,Anderson’s bridge

2.3 Measurement of Mutual Inductance by Felici’s Method, and as Self Inductance

2.4 Capacitance: Measurement of Capacitance by Ammeter and Voltmeter, and AC Bridges (Owen’s, Schering & Wien’s Bridge),Screening of Bridge Components and Wagnor Earthing Device

2.5 Transducer: Strain Gauges, Thermistors,Thermocouples

2.6 Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT),Capacitive Transducers,Peize-Electric transducers,Optical Transducer,Torque meters,Inductive torque transducers

2.7 Electric tachometers,Photo-electric tachometers,Hall Effect Transducer

UNIT-III GALVANOMETER AND POTENTIOMETER

3.1 Galvanometer: Construction, Theory and Principle of operation of D’Arsonval, Vibration (Moving Magnet & Moving Coil types),Ballistic Galvanometer,Influence of Resistance on Damping,Logarithmic decrement

3.2 Calibration of Galvanometers,Galvanometer Constants,Measurement of Flux and Magnetic Field by using Galvanometers

3.3 Potentiometer: Construction, Theory and Principle of operation of DC Potentiometers,Slide wire or Crompton potentiometer,Duo-Range DC or Vernier Potentiometer,Constant Resistance Potentiometer,Deflection Potentiometer

3.4 AC Potentiometers Drys-dale-Tinsley,Gall-Tinsley Potentiometer),pH- Meter, volt ratio boxes and other auxiliary apparatus

UNIT-IV TRANSFORMER AND OSCILLOSCOPE, ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING BASIC PARAMETERS

4.1 Current Transformer and Potential Transformer :Construction, Theory, Characteristics and Testing of CTs and PTs

4.2 Electronic Instruments for Measuring Basic Parameters:Amplified DC Meters,AC Voltmeters using Rectifiers,True RMS Voltmeter,Considerations for choosing an Analog Voltmeter,Digital Voltmeters (Block Diagrams only)

4.3 Q-meter

4.4 Oscilloscope: Block Diagrams, Introduction to Analog and Digital Storage Oscilloscopes, Delay Line, Multiple Trace,Oscilloscope Probes,Oscilloscope Techniques

4.5 Measurement of Frequency,Phase Angle,Time Delay using Oscilloscope

4.6 Wave analyse and Counter